Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of Ppard by murine macrophages after siRNA, and after exposure to the study treatments. ( A ) There was an average 97% reduction in the expression of Ppard with the use of the siRNA. ( B ) P = 0.043 for the overall difference in Ppard expression with versus without the siRNA. *Significant difference in effect versus the control group.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of genes related to cellular uptake, storage, and efflux of lipids, under the study treatments, in the presence (dark bars) or knockdown (light bars) of Ppard, in resting or LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent fold-change relative to the control group without Ppard knockdown, and without LPS stimulation. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference in treatment effect versus the control group. P -value for the siRNA*treatment interaction term: 0.009 for Scarb1 , 0.001 for Plin2 and 0.008 for Npc1 .

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of genes related to lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol transport under the study treatments, in the presence (dark bars) or knockdown (light bars) of Ppard, in resting or LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent fold-change relative to the control group without Ppard knockdown, and without LPS stimulation. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference in treatment effect versus the control group. P-value for the siRNA*treatment interaction term: < 0.001 for Abca1 , 0.10 for Abcg1 and 0.65 for Pltp .

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of Cpt1 under the study treatments, in the presence (dark bars) or knockdown (light bars) of Ppard, in resting or LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent fold-change relative to the control group without Ppard knockdown, and without LPS stimulation. *Significant difference in treatment effect versus the control group. P -value for the siRNA*treatment interaction term: 0.15.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of the genes for proinflammatory cytokines under the study treatments, in the presence (dark bars) or knockdown (light bars) of Ppard, in resting or LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent fold-change relative to the control group without Ppard knockdown, and without LPS stimulation. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference in treatment effect versus the control group. P-value for the siRNA*treatment interaction term: < 0.001 for Il6 , 0.23 for Tnf and 0.89 for Ifng .

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of genes involved in macrophage activation under the study treatments, in the presence (dark bars) or knockdown (light bars) of Ppard, in resting or LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent fold-change relative to the control group without Ppard knockdown, and without LPS stimulation. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference in treatment effect versus the control group. P -value for the siRNA*treatment interaction term: 0.02 for Nos2 , 0.33 for Ptgs2 and 0.30 for Mmp9 .

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Knockdown, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38700-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of labelled VLDL and LDL by murine macrophages under the study treatments, in resting ( A ) or LPS-stimulated ( B ) murine macrophages. C8: Octanoate, C10: Decanoate, C16: Palmitate, Agonist: GW501516. Bars represent the proportion of total labeled VLDL + LDL that was taken up by the cells. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: Mouse macrophages (J774A.1 line) were bought from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, CAT# 91051511), and thawed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin 100 UI/mL, streptomycin 100 μg/mL, amphotericin B 0.025 μg/mL and 2 mM l -glutamine.

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: Metabolism Open

Article Title: A systematic review on the effects of Echinacea supplementation on cytokine levels: Is there a role in COVID-19?

doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100115

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of the in vitro and ex vivo studies included.

Article Snippet: Matthias, 2007 [ ] , MediHerb Research Laboratories, Queensland, Australia , Mouse macrophage cell line , LPS (0.1 μg/mL) or PMA (2 nM) , Alkylamide 1. (2E)-N-isobutylundeca-2-ene-8,10-diynamide; Alkylamide 2. (2E,4E,8Z,10Z)-N-isobutyldodeca-2,4,8,10-tetraenamide.; An ethanolic extract ( Echinacea Premium Liquid; EPL) of E. purpurea (300 mg/mL), E. angustifolia (200 mg/mL) roots and EPL alkylamide fraction (EPL AA) was separated from caffeic acid fraction and cichoric acid , Alkylamides concentration 0.2 ng/mL; cichoric acid concentration 0.8 ng/mL DURATION: 4 and 20 h , Unstimulated cells , Decreased production: TNF-α , 3.

Techniques: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, Infection, Control, Negative Control, Positive Control, Expressing, Solvent, Isolation, Concentration Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gene Expression, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Synthesized, Extraction, Saline, Virus, Mouse Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Purification, Chromatography, Colony-forming Unit Assay, Cytokine Assay, Irradiation